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47. Officials: Duties and powers

Table of contents

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RULE ONE – THE GAME
- 1. Definitions
  - 1.1. Basketball game
  - 1.2. Basket: opponents'/own
  - 1.3. Winner of a game

RULE TWO – COURT AND EQUIPMENT
- 2. Court
  - 2.1. Court
  - 2.2. Floor
  - 2.3. Backcourt
  - 2.4. Frontcourt
  - 2.5. Lines
    - 2.5.1. Boundary line
    - 2.5.2. Centre line, centre circle and free-throw semi-circles
    - 2.5.3. Free-throw lines, restricted areas and free-throw rebound places
    - 2.5.4. 3-point goal area
    - 2.5.5. Team bench areas
    - 2.5.6. Throw-in lines
    - 2.5.7. No-charge semi-circle areas
  - 2.6. Position of the scorer's table and substitution chairs
- 3. Equipment

RULE THREE - TEAMS B-1
- 4. Teams B-1
  - 4.1. Definition
    - 4.1.1.
    - 4.1.2.
    - 4.1.3.
    - 4.1.4.
  - 4.2. Rule
    - 4.2.1.
    - 4.2.2.
    - 4.2.3.
  - 4.3. Uniforms B-1
    - 4.3.1. B-1
    - 4.3.2.
    - 4.3.3.
  - 4.4. Other equipment
    - 4.4.1.
    - 4.4.2.
    - 4.4.3.
    - 4.4.4.
    - 4.4.5.
- 5. Players: Injury and assistance
  - 5.1.
  - 5.2.
  - 5.3.
  - 5.4.
  - 5.5.
  - 5.6.
  - 5.7.
  - 5.8.
- 6. Captain: Duties and powers
  - 6.1.
  - 6.2.
- 7. Head coach and first assistant coach: Duties and powers
  - 7.1.
  - 7.2.
  - 7.3.
  - 7.4.
  - 7.5.
  - 7.6.
  - 7.7.
  - 7.8.
  - 7.9.
  - 7.10.

RULE FOUR - PLAYING REGULATIONS A-10 B-29
- 8. Playing time, tied score and overtime B-1
  - 8.1.
  - 8.2.
  - 8.3.
  - 8.4.
  - 8.5.
  - 8.6.
  - 8.7. B-1
  - 8.8.
  - 8.9.
- 9. Start and end of a quarter, overtime or the game B-3
  - 9.1.
  - 9.2. B-1
  - 9.3.
  - 9.4.
  - 9.5.
  - 9.6.
  - 9.7. B-2
- 10. Status of the ball A-3 B-3
  - 10.1.
  - 10.2. B-2
  - 10.3. B-1
  - 10.4. A-3
- 11. Location of a player and an official
  - 11.1.
  - 11.2.
- 12. Jump ball and alternating possession B-9
  - 12.1. Jump ball definition B-2
    - 12.1.1. B-1
    - 12.1.2. B-1
  - 12.2. Jump ball procedure B-3
    - 12.2.1. B-1
    - 12.2.2.
    - 12.2.3. B-1
    - 12.2.4. B-1
    - 12.2.5.
    - 12.2.6.
    - 12.2.7.
    - 12.2.8.
  - 12.3. Penalty
  - 12.4. Jump ball situation B-3
  - 12.5. Alternating possession definition
  - 12.6. Alternating possession procedure B-1
    - 12.6.1.
    - 12.6.2.
    - 12.6.3.
    - 12.6.4. B-1
    - 12.6.5.
    - 12.6.6.
- 13. How the ball is played B-2
  - 13.1. Definition
  - 13.2. Rule B-2
  - 13.3. Penalty
- 14. Control of the ball A-1
  - 14.1. Definition
    - 14.1.1.
    - 14.1.2.
    - 14.1.3.
- 15. Player in the act of shooting A-6 B-5
  - 15.1. Definition A-3 B-4
    - 15.1.1. A-1 B-2
    - 15.1.2. A-1 B-1
    - 15.1.3. A-1 B-1
    - 15.1.4.
    - 15.1.5.
    - 15.1.6.
- 16. Goal: When made and its value B-1
  - 16.1. Definition B-1
    - 16.1.1. B-1
    - 16.1.2.
  - 16.2. Rule
    - 16.2.1.
    - 16.2.2.
    - 16.2.3.
    - 16.2.4.
    - 16.2.5.
- 17. Throw-in B-5
  - 17.1. Definition
    - 17.1.1.
    - 17.1.2.
  - 17.2. Procedure B-5
    - 17.2.1. B-2
    - 17.2.2. B-2
    - 17.2.3.
    - 17.2.4. B-1
    - 17.2.5.
    - 17.2.6.
    - 17.2.7.
    - 17.2.8.
    - 17.2.9.
    - 17.2.10.
  - 17.3. Rule
    - 17.3.1.
    - 17.3.2.
    - 17.3.3.
  - 17.4. Penalty
- 18. Time-out
  - 18.1. Definition
  - 18.2. Rule
    - 18.2.1.
    - 18.2.2.
    - 18.2.3.
    - 18.2.4.
    - 18.2.5.
    - 18.2.6.
    - 18.2.7.
    - 18.2.8.
  - 18.3. Procedure
    - 18.3.1.
    - 18.3.2.
    - 18.3.3.
    - 18.3.4.
    - 18.3.5.
    - 18.3.6.
- 19. Substitution
  - 19.1. Definition
  - 19.2. Rule
    - 19.2.1.
    - 19.2.2.
    - 19.2.3.
    - 19.2.4.
    - 19.2.5.
    - 19.2.6.
  - 19.3. Procedure
    - 19.3.1.
    - 19.3.2.
    - 19.3.3.
    - 19.3.4.
    - 19.3.5.
    - 19.3.6.
    - 19.3.7.
    - 19.3.8.
    - 19.3.9.
- 20. Game lost by forfeit
  - 20.1. Rule
  - 20.2. Penalty
    - 20.2.1.
    - 20.2.2.
    - 20.2.3.
- 21. Game lost by default
  - 21.1. Rule
  - 21.2. Penalty
    - 21.2.1.
    - 21.2.2.

RULE FIVE - VIOLATIONS A-8 B-18
- 22. Violations
  - 22.1. Definition
  - 22.2. Penalty
- 23. Player out-of-bounds and ball out-of-bounds
  - 23.1. Definition
    - 23.1.1.
    - 23.1.2.
  - 23.2. Rule
    - 23.2.1.
    - 23.2.2.
    - 23.2.3.
- 24. Dribbling
  - 24.1. Definition
    - 24.1.1.
    - 24.1.2.
    - 24.1.3.
    - 24.1.4.
  - 24.2. Rule
- 25. Travelling
  - 25.1. Definition
    - 25.1.1.
    - 25.1.2.
  - 25.2. Rule
    - 25.2.1.
    - 25.2.2.
- 26. 3 seconds
  - 26.1. Rule
    - 26.1.1.
    - 26.1.2.
    - 26.1.3.
- 27. Closely guarded player
  - 27.1. Definition
  - 27.2. Rule
- 28. 8 seconds A-1 B-3
  - 28.1. Definition A-1 B-3
    - 28.1.1. B-1
    - 28.1.2. A-1 B-2
    - 28.1.3.
- 29. Shot clock A-2 B-1
  - 29.1. Rule
    - 29.1.1.
    - 29.1.2.
  - 29.2. Procedure A-2 B-1
    - 29.2.1.
    - 29.2.2.
    - 29.2.3.
    - 29.2.4. A-2 B-1
    - 29.2.5.
    - 29.2.6.
    - 29.2.7.
    - 29.2.8.
- 30. Ball returned to the backcourt A-3 B-3
  - 30.1. Definition A-1 B-1
    - 30.1.1.
    - 30.1.2. A-1
  - 30.2. Rule
  - 30.3. Penalty
- 31. Goaltending and Interference A-2 B-11
  - 31.1. Definition B-1
    - 31.1.1. B-1
  - 31.2. Rules A-2 B-10
    - 31.2.1.
    - 31.2.2.
    - 31.2.3.
    - 31.2.4. B-4
    - 31.2.5.
  - 31.3. Penalty
    - 31.3.1.
    - 31.3.2.
    - 31.3.3.

RULE SIX - FOULS A-7 B-10
- 32. Fouls
  - 32.1. Definition
    - 32.1.1.
    - 32.1.2.
    - 32.1.3.
- 33. Contact: General principles A-7 B-10
  - 33.1. Cylinder principle
  - 33.2. Principle of verticality
  - 33.3. Legal guarding position
  - 33.4. Guarding a player who controls the ball A-3 B-4
  - 33.5. Guarding a player who does not control the ball
  - 33.6. A player who is in the air
  - 33.7. Screening: Legal and illegal
  - 33.8. Charging A-1 B-1
  - 33.9. Blocking A-1 B-2
  - 33.10. No-charge semi-circle areas
  - 33.11. Contacting an opponent with the hand(s) and/or arm(s) A-1
  - 33.12. Post play
  - 33.13. Illegal guarding from the rear B-2
  - 33.14. Holding
  - 33.15. Pushing A-1 B-1
  - 33.16. Fake being fouled
- 34. Personal foul
  - 34.1. Definition
    - 34.1.1.
    - 34.1.2.
  - 34.2. Penalty
    - 34.2.1.
    - 34.2.2.
    - 34.2.3.
- 35. Double foul
  - 35.1. Definition
    - 35.1.1.
    - 35.1.2.
  - 35.2. Penalty
- 36. Technical foul
  - 36.1. Rules of conduct
    - 36.1.1.
    - 36.1.2.
    - 36.1.3.
    - 36.1.4.
    - 36.1.5.
  - 36.2. Definition
    - 36.2.1.
    - 36.2.2.
    - 36.2.3.
    - 36.2.4.
    - 36.2.5.
  - 36.3. Penalty
    - 36.3.1.
    - 36.3.2.
- 37. Unsportsmanlike foul
  - 37.1. Definition
    - 37.1.1.
    - 37.1.2.
  - 37.2. Penalty
    - 37.2.1.
    - 37.2.2.
    - 37.2.3.
    - 37.2.4.
- 38. Disqualifying foul
  - 38.1. Definition
    - 38.1.1.
    - 38.1.2.
  - 38.2. Violance
    - 38.2.1.
    - 38.2.2.
    - 38.2.3.
    - 38.2.4.
    - 38.2.5.
    - 38.2.6.
  - 38.3. Penalty
    - 38.3.1.
    - 38.3.2.
    - 38.3.3.
    - 38.3.4.
- 39. Fighting
  - 39.1. Definition
  - 39.2. Rule
    - 39.2.1.
    - 39.2.2.
    - 39.2.3.
  - 39.3. Penalty
    - 39.3.1.
    - 39.3.2.
    - 39.3.3.
    - 39.3.4.
    - 39.3.5.

RULE SEVEN - GENERAL PROVISIONS B-1
- 40. 5 fouls by a player
  - 40.1.
  - 40.2.
- 41. Team fouls: Penalty
  - 41.1. Definition
    - 41.1.1.
    - 41.1.2.
    - 41.1.3.
  - 41.2. Rule
    - 41.2.1.
    - 41.2.2.
- 42. Special situations
  - 42.1. Definition
  - 42.2. Procedure
    - 42.2.1.
    - 42.2.2.
    - 42.2.3.
    - 42.2.4.
    - 42.2.5.
    - 42.2.6.
    - 42.2.7.
    - 42.2.8.
- 43. Free throws B-1
  - 43.1. Definition
    - 43.1.1.
    - 43.1.2.
  - 43.2. Rule B-1
    - 43.2.1.
    - 43.2.2.
    - 43.2.3.
    - 43.2.4.
    - 43.2.5. B-1
    - 43.2.6.
  - 43.3. Penalty
    - 43.3.1.
    - 43.3.2.
    - 43.3.3.
- 44. Correctable errors
  - 44.1. Definition
  - 44.2. General procedure
    - 44.2.1.
    - 44.2.2.
    - 44.2.3.
    - 44.2.4.
    - 44.2.5.
    - 44.2.6.
  - 44.3. Special procedure
    - 44.3.1.
    - 44.3.2.
    - 44.3.3.

RULE EIGHT - REFEREES, TABLE OFFICIALS, COMMISSIONER: DUTIES AND POWERS A-1 B-2
- 45. Referees, table officials and commissioner
  - 45.1.
  - 45.2.
  - 45.3.
  - 45.4.
  - 45.5.
  - 45.6.
  - 45.7.
- 46. Crew chief: Duties and powers
  - 46.1.
  - 46.2.
  - 46.3.
  - 46.4.
  - 46.5.
  - 46.6.
  - 46.7.
  - 46.8.
  - 46.9.
  - 46.10.
  - 46.11.
  - 46.12.
  - 46.13.
  - 46.14.
- 47. Officials: Duties and powers
  - 47.1.
  - 47.2.
  - 47.3.
  - 47.4.
  - 47.5.
  - 47.6.
  - 47.7.
  - 47.8.
- 48. Scorer and assistant scorer: Duties
  - 48.1.
  - 48.2.
  - 48.3.
- 49. Timer: Duties B-1
  - 49.1.
  - 49.2. B-1
  - 49.3.
  - 49.4.
- 50. Shot clock operator: Duties A-1 B-1
  - 50.1.
  - 50.2.
  - 50.3.
  - 50.4.
  - 50.5. A-1 B-1

APPENDIX A-B-C-D-E-F
- A. APPENDIX A - REFEREES’ SIGNALS
  - A.1.
  - A.2.
  - A.3.
- B. APPENDIX B - THE SCORESHEET
  - B.1.
  - B.2.
  - B.3.
    - B.3.1.
    - B.3.2.
    - B.3.3.
      - B.3.3.1.
      - B.3.3.2.
      - B.3.3.3.
    - B.3.4.
  - B.4.
    - B.4.1.
    - B.4.2.
    - B.4.3.
    - B.4.4.
  - B.5.
  - B.6.
  - B.7. Time-outs
    - B.7.1.
    - B.7.2.
  - B.8. Fouls
    - B.8.1.
    - B.8.2.
    - B.8.3.
      - B.8.3.1.
      - B.8.3.2.
      - B.8.3.3.
      - B.8.3.4.
      - B.8.3.5.
      - B.8.3.6.
      - B.8.3.7.
      - B.8.3.8.
      - B.8.3.9.
      - B.8.3.10.
      - B.8.3.11.
      - B.8.3.12.
      - B.8.3.13.
      - B.8.3.14.
    - B.8.4.
  - B.9. Team fouls
    - B.9.1.
    - B.9.2.
    - B.9.3.
  - B.10. The running score
    - B.10.1.
    - B.10.2.
    - B.10.3.
  - B.11. The running score: Additional instructions
    - B.11.1.
    - B.11.2.
    - B.11.3.
    - B.11.4.
    - B.11.5.
    - B.11.6.
    - B.11.7.
  - B.12. The running score: Summing up
    - B.12.1.
    - B.12.2.
    - B.12.3.
    - B.12.4.
    - B.12.5.
    - B.12.6.
  - B.13. Head coach's challenge
    - B.13.1.
- C. APPENDIX C - PROTEST PROCEDURE
  - C.1.
  - C.2.
  - C.3.
  - C.4.
  - C.5.
  - C.6.
- D. APPENDIX D - CLASSIFICATION OF TEAMS
  - D.1. Procedure
    - D.1.1.
    - D.1.2.
    - D.1.3.
    - D.1.4.
  - D.2. Examples
    - D.2.1. Example 1
    - D.2.2. Example 2
    - D.2.3. Example 3
    - D.2.4. Example 4
    - D.2.5. Example 5
    - D.2.6. Example 6
    - D.2.7. Example 7
  - D.3. Forfeit
    - D.3.1.
    - D.3.2.
    - D.3.3.
    - D.3.4.
  - D.4. Home and away games (aggregate score)
    - D.4.1.
    - D.4.2.
    - D.4.3.
    - D.4.4.
  - D.5. Examples
    - D.5.1.
    - D.5.2.
    - D.5.3.
    - D.5.4.
    - D.5.5.
    - D.5.6.
- E. APPENDIX E - MEDIA TIME-OUTS
  - E.1. Definition
  - E.2. Rule
    - E.2.1.
    - E.2.2.
    - E.2.3.
    - E.2.4.
  - E.3. Procedure
    - E.3.1.
    - E.3.2.
    - E.3.3.
    - E.3.4.
- F. APPENDIX F - Instant Replay System
  - F.1. Definition
  - F.2. Procedure
    - F.2.1.
    - F.2.2.
    - F.2.3.
  - F.3. Rule
    - F.3.1.
    - F.3.2.
    - F.3.3.
  - F.4. Head coach's challenge
    - F.4.1.
    - F.4.2.

47.1.

The referees shall have the power to make decisions on infractions of the rules committed either within or outside the boundary line including the scorer's table, the team benches and the areas immediately behind the lines.

47.2.

The referees shall blow their whistles when an infraction of the rules occurs, a quarter or overtime ends or the referees find it necessary to stop the game. The referees shall not blow their whistles after a successful field goal, a successful free throw or when the ball becomes live.

47.3.

When deciding on a personal contact or violation, the referees shall, in each instance, have regard to and weigh up the following fundamental principles:

The spirit and intent of the rules and the need to uphold the integrity of the game.
Consistency in application of the concept of 'advantage/disadvantage'. The referees should not seek to interrupt the flow of the game unnecessarily in order to penalise incidental personal contact which does not give the player responsible an advantage nor place his opponent at a disadvantage.
Consistency in the application of common sense to each game, bearing in mind the abilities of the players concerned and their attitude and conduct during the game.
Consistency in the maintenance of a balance between game control and game flow, having a 'feeling' for what the participants are trying to do and calling what is right for the game.

47.4.

Should a protest be filed by one of the teams, the crew chief (or commissioner, if present) shall, upon receipt of the protest reasons, report in writing the incident to the organising body of the competition.

47.5.

If a referee is injured or for any other reason cannot continue to perform his/her duties within 5 minutes of the incident, the game shall be resumed. The remaining referee(s) shall officiate alone for the remainder of the game, unless there is the possibility of replacing the injured referee with a qualified substitute referee. After consulting with the commissioner, if present, the remaining referee(s) shall decide upon the possible replacement.

47.6.

For all international games, if verbal communication is necessary to make a decision clear, it shall be conducted in the English language.

47.7.

Each referee has the power to make decisions within the limits of his/her duties, but he/she has no authority to disregard or question decisions made by the other referee(s).

47.8.

The implementation and interpretation of the Official Basketball Rules by the referees, regardless if an explicit decision was made or not, is final and cannot be contested or disregarded, except in cases where a protest is allowed (see Appendix C).